24 , 2017.
. .
, , , . . - , . ; .
, , . () , . , . , . , 1980- .
. , . , , : (Joan Roelofs, Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism, SUNY Press, Albany, 2003). .
1. , . , , , . .
2. , . - .
3. (, , ). , . .
, , . , , , , , . , .
- ( , ). 1905 , . 1910 , . 1913 , , , , . , - . ( 1937 ) 35 . . ( ).
. . , . , , , , , . , ( ), . , , , . , Foundation Center.
. 1.
,
2002
2010
2014
, .
64848
76610
86726
, . .
431,82
643,97
865,25
, . .
30,17
45,86
60,24
, . .
22,17
37,96
56,70
: Foundation Center
.1, . 2002-2014 . 64,8 . 86,7 ., . . , 6,6 . . 10 . . . . , , 2,5 .
, 50 . 2014 251,1 . . (29% ). top-50 21,7%, 19,2%. , , top-50, .
. . 2 .
. 2.
( ) (2014 , . .)
1.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
44,32
3,44
4,40
2.Ford Foundation
12,40
0,52
-
3.J. Paul Getty Trust
11,98
0,13
0,01
4.The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
10,50
0,35
-
5.Lilly Endowment Inc.
9,96
0,33
-
6.The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
9,02
0,35
-
7.W. K. Kellogg Foundation
8,62
0,29
-
8.The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
7,08
0,29
-
9.Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
6,56
0,22
--
10.Bloomberg Philanthropies
6,55
0,15
0,65
11.Silicon Valley Community Foundation
6,53
0,96
1,98
12.The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
6,47
0,22
-
13.The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
6,43
0,23
-
14.The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
5,44
0,22
0,81
15. Foundation to Promote Open Society
4,97
0,41
0,66
16.The Rockefeller Foundation
4,24
0,15
-
17.Tulsa Community Foundation
4,02
0,13
-
18.The California Endowment
3,67
0,18
-
19.The Kresge Foundation
3,67
0,14
-
20.The Duke Endowment
3,43
0,14
-
: Foundation Center
, ( ) . : Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 5,0 % , 5,7% 7,8% . 2002 2014 .
. , ( 1936 , ) top-50, 3,6 . 16- , top-20. , top-50. , , - Silicon Valley Community Foundation ( 2014 11- ).
. Foundation Center. , Giving USA . 2014 , , 360 . ., 2015 . 373 . . , . - .
. . , European Foundation Centre. Donors and Foundations Networks in Europe DAFNE. , 2014 114 , 53 . . , .
Stichting INGKA Foundation Wellcome Trust . 1982 , IKEA. IKEA Holding, 207 235 IKEA . , .
. .
, , , . . - , . ; .
, , . () , . , . , . , 1980- .
. , . , , : (Joan Roelofs, Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism, SUNY Press, Albany, 2003). .
1. , . , , , . .
2. , . - .
3. (, , ). , . .
, , . , , , , , . , .
- ( , ). 1905 , . 1910 , . 1913 , , , , . , - . ( 1937 ) 35 . . ( ).
. . , . , , , , , . , ( ), . , , , . , Foundation Center.
. 1.
,
2002
2010
2014
, .
64848
76610
86726
, . .
431,82
643,97
865,25
, . .
30,17
45,86
60,24
, . .
22,17
37,96
56,70
: Foundation Center
.1, . 2002-2014 . 64,8 . 86,7 ., . . , 6,6 . . 10 . . . . , , 2,5 .
, 50 . 2014 251,1 . . (29% ). top-50 21,7%, 19,2%. , , top-50, .
. . 2 .
. 2.
( ) (2014 , . .)
1.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
44,32
3,44
4,40
2.Ford Foundation
12,40
0,52
-
3.J. Paul Getty Trust
11,98
0,13
0,01
4.The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
10,50
0,35
-
5.Lilly Endowment Inc.
9,96
0,33
-
6.The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
9,02
0,35
-
7.W. K. Kellogg Foundation
8,62
0,29
-
8.The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
7,08
0,29
-
9.Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
6,56
0,22
--
10.Bloomberg Philanthropies
6,55
0,15
0,65
11.Silicon Valley Community Foundation
6,53
0,96
1,98
12.The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
6,47
0,22
-
13.The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
6,43
0,23
-
14.The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
5,44
0,22
0,81
15. Foundation to Promote Open Society
4,97
0,41
0,66
16.The Rockefeller Foundation
4,24
0,15
-
17.Tulsa Community Foundation
4,02
0,13
-
18.The California Endowment
3,67
0,18
-
19.The Kresge Foundation
3,67
0,14
-
20.The Duke Endowment
3,43
0,14
-
: Foundation Center
, ( ) . : Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 5,0 % , 5,7% 7,8% . 2002 2014 .
. , ( 1936 , ) top-50, 3,6 . 16- , top-20. , top-50. , , - Silicon Valley Community Foundation ( 2014 11- ).
. Foundation Center. , Giving USA . 2014 , , 360 . ., 2015 . 373 . . , . - .
. . , European Foundation Centre. Donors and Foundations Networks in Europe DAFNE. , 2014 114 , 53 . . , .
Stichting INGKA Foundation Wellcome Trust . 1982 , IKEA. IKEA Holding, 207 235 IKEA . , .
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